♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪ >> COMING UP NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON."

PRESIDENT TRUMP CLAIMS THAT A FRAMEWORK OF A FUTURE DEAL ON GREEN LAND IS IN THE WORKS.

ALSO TONIGHT, WE'LL HEAR ABOUT A NEW WAY TO MEASURE SNOWPACK IN ARIZONA'S HIGH COUNTRY.

AND A NEW TRAVELING EXHIBIT FOCUSES ON STORIES FROM HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON."

>> "ARIZONA HORIZON" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE FRIENDS OF ARIZONA PBS.

MEMBERS OF YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

>> GOOD EVERYBODY AND WELCOME TO "ARIZONA HORIZON."

I AM TED SIMONS, PRESIDENT TRUMP TODAY CANCELED ADDITIONAL PLANNED TARIFFS ON U.S.

ALLIES IN EUROPE AFTER CLAIM THAT GO THE U.S.

HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH NATO OVER A, QUOTE, CONCEPT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR A FUTURE DEAL INVOLVING GREENLAND.

THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH TODAY ALSO TOOK AIM OFTEN IN MOCKING TONES AT U.S.

ALLIES IN EUROPE AND CANADA.

JOIN IS YOU NOW IS DR.

EVELYN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF A SUCH U'S MCCAIN INSTITUTE.

GOOD IT TO SEE YOU EVELYN, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

I THOUGHT OF YOU AND ALL THAT'S GOING ON HERE, WE NEED A PERSPECTIVE.

FIRST OF ALL, THE FRAMEWORK OF A FUTURE DEAL WITH GREENLAND.

WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

>> YEAH, I MEAN, IT'S LIKE A FRAMEWORK WITH A DEAL AND A FUTURE.

IT'S VERY VAGUE, RIGHT?

WE DON'T REALLY KNOW.

BUT I AM GUESSING IT CONTAINS TWO COMPONENTS, PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID HE'S CONCERNED ABOUT CHINA AND RUSSIA SOMEHOW GAINING AN EDGE MILITARILY IN GREENLAND.

SO IT PROBABLY INCLUDES SOME KIND OF INCREASE OF FORCES POSSIBLY EUROPEAN, POSSIBLY AMERICAN.

THE SECOND THING THAT PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS, YOU KNOW, EXPRESSED ALARM ABOUT OR COMPLAINED ABOUT IS THE NEED FOR THESE RARE EARTH MINERALS THAT ARE LOCATED DEEP UNDER THE SNOW, YOU KNOW, UNDER THE TERRAIN, IN GREENLAND.

HARD TO GET AT BUT HE WOULD LIKE TO GET AT THEM.

THERE MAY ALSO BE SOME KIND OF, YOU KNOW, PRELIMINARY AGREEMENT TO HAVE U.S.

COMPANIES COME IN AND HAVE A LOOK, DO A SURVEYOR LOOK AT A SURVEY AND TALK ABOUT WHETHER THEY MIGHT BE ABLE TO EXTRACT SOME OF THOSE MINERALS AND U.S.

CAN SOMEHOW GET SPECIAL ACCESS TO THEM.

>> WE ALREADY HAVE BASES THERE.

WE HAVE A MILITARY PRESENCE THERE.

THE CONCEPT OF CHINA AND RUSSIA THREATENING THE ARCTIC AREA INVOLVING GREENLAND, THAT IS ALREADY THERE, IS IT NOT, EVELYN?

>> YES.

AND, LACK, I DON'T THINK PRESIDENT TRUMP IS WRONG TO POINT OUT THAT WE HAVE A REAL POTENTIAL THREAT FROM RUSSIA AND CHINA.

THEY WANT TO CONTROL THE ARCTIC REGION.

FRANKLY, YOU KNOW, THE ARCTIC ICE IS MELT AND THERE IS WHAT THEY CALL THE NORTHERN PATS I THINK THROUGH, YOU KNOW, THE ARCTIC AREA THAT CHINA AND RUSSIA WOULD LIKE TO CONTROL.

THE REASON WE HAVE MILITARY FRANKLY IS SO WE CAN MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION FOR TRADE AND FOR THE TRANSIT OF PEOPLE AND, OF COURSE, ALSO OUR MILITARY.

AND SO WE WOULD LIKE TO MAKE SURE THAT IT IS FORTIFIED SO THAT RUSSIA AND CHINA AREN'T FLOWING THEIR FORCES IN, PROBABLY ON BOATS.

YOU KNOW, AND TRYING TO CUT OFF ACCESS.

SO THAT IS IMPORTANT.

BUT AS YOU SAID, WE HAVE A BASE THERE.

IT'S A PRETTY SIGNIFICANT BASE.

WE ALSO HAVE SMALLER BASES THAT WERE CLOSED AFTER THE COLD WAR ENDED WHEN WE THOUGHT MISTAKENLY, THAT WE WOULDN'T FACE A THREAT FROM MOSCOW.

THOSE CAN BE REOPENED AS WELL.

>> ALL RIGHT.

AND ALSO, NOT GOING THROUGH THE TARIFFS ON ALLIES.

I THINK IT WAS AN ADDITIONAL 10% THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN HIT ON FEBRUARY 1ST.

THIS IS NOW IS IT POSTPONED, IS IT CANCELED?

WHAT DO WE KNOW?

>> WELL, IT SOUNDS LIKE PRESIDENT TRUMP SAYS IT'S CANCELED.

ALTHOUGH WE KNOW WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP HE LOVES TO CREATE UNCERTAINTY AND VERBALLY, YOU KNOW, PUT THESE TARIFFS ON COUNTRIES.

THE SUPREME COURT WILL ULTIMATELY DECIDE.

I HOPE SOON, BECAUSE THE UNCERTAINTY I DON'T THINK IS HELPFUL FOR BUSINESSES IN ARIZONA OR ANYWHERE ELSE.

SO PEOPLE ARE WAITING FOR THAT DECISION.

BUT PRESIDENT TRUMP LIKES TO THROW THAT OUT AS HIS KIND OF FAVORITE FORM OF PUNISHMENT.

THE EUROPEANS, TED, THEY COUNTERED THEY SAID, OKAY IS, WE'LL TARIFF YOU RIGHT BACK.

AND THAT WOULD BE REALLY PAINFUL FOR THE UNITED STATES.

THERE ARE OUT NUMBER ONE TRADING PARTNER AND AS YOU KNOW, TECH COMPANIES, MANY COMPANIES RELY ON THE TRADE WITH EUROPE.

>> I WAS GOING TO SAY, MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS, ESPECIALLY THE TECH COMPANIES THEY ARE WORLDWIDE THEY NEED THE WORLDWIDE MARKET, THEY DON'T NEED THIS KIND OF STUFF.

>> NO.

THEY DON'T NEED THE UNCERTAINTY AND EUROPEANS SAYING THEY ARE NOT GOING TO PURCHASE GOOD OR ALLOW OUR SERVICES TO BE PURCHASED IN EUROPE.

ALREADY THE TECH COMPANIES HAVE AN ENVIRONMENT IN EUROPE WHERE THEY FEEL THAT THEY ARE TOO REGULATED.

AND SO TEARS WOULD ADD TO THAT AND ULTIMATELY, IF AMERICA IMPOSED THEM ON EUROPE I CAN SHOULDN'T FOR GOT, THE CONSUMER.

ALL AROUND IT'S BAD FOR TRADE.

AND YOU KNOW, WHEN WE HAVE THIS PROTECTIONISM WITH TARIFFS BEING LOBBED ON BOTH SIDES, YOU END UP A CASE IN THE POLITICAL AFFAIRS.

IN HISTORY WE HAVE SEEN THE EXTREME OF WAR.

I AM NOT SAYING WE ARE GOING TO WAR ANY TIME SOON WITH THE EUROPEANS, BUT THAT IS THE KIND OF WORSE CASE SCENARIO.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT THE POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND HIS SPEECH TODAY.

ECONOMY FUSED GREENLAND WITH ICELAND.

OKAY.

WHATEVER.

THAT'S CONCERNING.

BUT IT'S -- >> HE'S 79.

>> IT'S NOT THE MOST CONCERNING TENSION THAT WAS SAID.

DISRESPECTED EUROPEAN LEADERS AND CANADIAN LEADERS BASICALLY TO THEIR FACES.

TOLD THE CANADIANS -- THE CANADA PRIME MINISTER YOU NEED TO BE MORE GRATEFUL TO THE U.S.

AFTER CANADA I GUESS MENTIONED THERE WAS A RUPTURE IN THE WORLD AND THAT MIDDLE COUNTRIES NEEDED TO BAN TOGETHER AGAINST THE SUPERPOWER.

I MEAN THIS, SEEMED LIKE THIS WAS -- THIS WAS PRETTY ROUGH STUFF GOING ON HERE FROM THE PRESIDENT TO EVERYONE IN ATTENDANCE.

>> IT'S JUST NOT ABOUT MAKING FRIENDS AND INFLUENCING PEOPLE, WHEN IT COMES TO STATESMAN SHIP, WE WANT THESE COUNTRIES TO BE ON OUR SIDE.

WHAT I?

BECAUSE WE HAVE BASES ALL OVER THE WORLD.

AND THEY PROTECT OUR COMMERCE, OUR TRADE, U.S.

INTERESTS, U.S.

CITIZENS EVEN.

THE BASES ARE ACTUALLY RELATIVELY LOW COST, OUR ALLIES HELP US KEEP THEM UP AND THEY ARE NOT ONLY IN EUROPE BUT ALSO IN AIR ACTUALLY JUST CAME BACK AS I MENTIONED TO YOU FROM JAPAN.

THESE ALLIES HELP US EXTEND OUR POWER GLOBALLY.

IF WE WANT TO SHRINK INTO A SMALLER POWER AND NOT HAVE ALLIES THEN WE WILL BE A WORLD THAT'S MUCH MORE DANGEROUS TO US, AS WE EXPAND OUT WE KEEP THE BAD GUYS FACT AIR WAY FROM OUR BORDERS AND OUR COUNTRY.

>> WHAT IS THIS DOING TO OUR ALLIES AND DOING TO WORLD ORDER AS WE SEE IT, AS WE WANT IT, AS WE HAVE HAD IT IS IT RUFFLING FEATHERS?

ED CANADIAN PRIME MINISTER I MENTION HIM AGAIN BECAUSE HE'S BEEN VERY ACTIVITY OF LATE HE'S IN CHINA, FOR GOODNESS SAKES.

>> RIGHT.

TRUST IS AT THE CORE.

ALL OF THIS TYPE OF REALLY NASTY LANGUAGE, FRANKLY, AND YOU KNOW, GOING BACK AND FORTH ACTING LIKE WE ARE IN AN ADVERSARIAL SITUATION WITH OUR ALLIES, WE DUCES TRUST.

AND IF YOU CANNOT TRUST YOU LOOK FOR OTHER OPTIONS, YOU HEDGE.

THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT THE CANADIAN PRIME MINISTER DID.

MARK CARNEY, WHEN HE TURNED TO THE CHINESE AND SAID, YOU KNOW WHAT, THE UNITED STATES HAS HAD IN THE PAST ASKED CANADA NOT TO ALLOW ELECTRIC VEHICLES ONTO THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT, OKAY?

IN TO CANADA IN ANY EVENT.

AND HE SAID, YOU KNOW, HE AGREED WITH US, HE WORKED WITH OUR GOVERNMENT AND WE KEPT CANADIAN ELECTRIC VEHICLES, WHICH, BY THE WAY, ARE SUPPOSEDLY BETTER THAN AMERICAN ONES AND QUITE, YOU KNOW, THEY ARE QUITE COMPETITIVE, RIGHT?

HE KEPT THEM OFF OF OUR COMMON BORDER.

WELL, NOW HE'S ALLOWING THEM IN HE'S BASICALLY SAYING TO THE UNITED STATES, I AM NOT LOOKING OUT FOR YOUR INTERESTS ANYMORE.

MY CITIZENS CAN BUY CANADIAN ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND IF THEY CROSS THE BORDER, YOU KNOW, INTO DETROIT, SO BE IT.

AND THEY MIGHT TEMPT AMERICANS AND THAT'S A PROBLEM FOR DETROIT IN PARTICULAR.

>> YEAH, IT'S A BIG PROBLEM.

LAST QUESTION THAT DEALS WITH NATO.

QUOTE FROM THE PRESIDENT TODAY, THE PROBLEM WITH NATO IS THAT WE'LL BE THERE FOR THEM 100 PERCENT BUT I AM NOT SURE THAT THEY'LL BE THERE FOR US.

WHERE DOES THAT COME FROM?

AND WHAT DOES THAT MEAN, AGAIN, REGARDING THE IMPACT OF THE STABILITY OF U.S.

ALLIANCES?

>> RIGHT.

I MEAN, IF NATO DOESN'T BELIEVE THAT WE ARE A RELIABLE ALLY AS I SAID BEFORE, THEY'LL START HEDGING IF WE NEED THEIR HELP, FOR EXAMPLE, IF CHINA MAKES A MOVE AGAINST TAIWAN, WHICH WOULD BE BAD BECAUSE WE HAVE, FIRST OF ALL WE ARE IN HAWAII AND ALREADY AN ASIA PACIFIC NATION.

WE HAVE BASES IN JAPAN.

WHICH ARE NOT FAR FROM TAIWAN.

WE HAVE A COMMITMENT TO TAIWAN.

WE DON'T WANT TO ENCOURAGE CHINA TO, YOU KNOW, STEAL THE PEOPLE OF TAIWAN AND THE TERRITORY OF TAIWAN AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW.

THAT'S WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO PREVENT IN UKRAINE.

SO AT THE END OF THE DAY, WE DON'T WANT OUR ALLIES TO TURN AWAY FROM US, WE NEED THEM.

>> OKAY.

WE NEED THEM.

WILL THEY BE THERE FOR US?

NOW, YES.

I BELIEVE THE RUPTURE ISN'T COMPLETE BUT WE ARE CERTAINLY GOING DOWN A ROCKY PATH.

>> RIGHT.

THE THING IS LIKE I SAID WE NEED THEM IN EUROPE BECAUSE OF OUR TRADING RELATIONSHIP, BECAUSE THEY HELP US IN OTHER SCENARIOS, WE NEED THEM NO ASIA BECAUSE WE ARE ALSO AN ASIA PACIFIC COUNTRY.

AGAIN, WE HAVE BASES IN JAPAN AND KOREA, WHY?

TO KEEP THE NORTH ALLIANCE CHINESE OUR ADVERSARIES OUT OF OUR BACK YARD WHICH IS HAWAII.

THERE ARE GOOD MILITARY REASONS AND OF COURSE, TRADE REASONS TO PROTECT ALL OF THESE AVENUES OF TRADE WITH THE CHINESE FRANKLY WANT TO CONTROL FOR THEMSELVES.

WE ARE IN A COMPETITIVE SITUATION I MENTIONED THIS, TOO, BEFORE, TED, WITH RUSSIA AND CHINA, I THINK YOUR VIEWERS SHOULD NOT FORGET THESE ARE NOT NORMAL COUNTRIES.

THEY INVADE THEIR NEIGHBORS THEY TORTURE PEOPLE.

PUT THEM IN CONCENTRATION LABOR CAMPS.

THEY ARE NOT DEMOCRACIES.

THEY ARE DICTATORSHIPS OF THE WORST KIND.

WE DON'T WANT THEM TO HAVE INFLUENCE GLOBALLY.

WE WANT TO HAVE OUR DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES TO HAVE THE UPPER HAND.

WHICH WE HAVE RIGHT NOW.

WE ARE STILL THE MOST POWERFUL NATION.

AND WE ARE THE MOST POWERFUL ALLIANCE WITH OUR NATO MEMBERS AND OUR ASIAN ALLIES.

>> DR.

EVELYN FARKUS, ASU MARAIN INSTITUTE, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US, WE APPRECIATE IT.

>> THANKS FOR THE HONOR, TED.

>> A LOT OF THE PLANTS THAT ARE STILL HERE, THE SAGUARO IS ONE THAT IS REALLY PROMINENT TO THE PEOPLE.

TO THE COMMUNITY.

WE HAVE A LOT OF RESPECT FOR THE SAGUARO ITSELF.

IT ALSO PROVIDES US WITH THE FRUIT AND ALSO PROVIDES US WITH MATERIALS FOR OUR HOUSES.

IN THE SUMMER IT TIMES WHEN THE FRUIT IS READY TO BE HARVESTED, IT'S WHAT WE CALL OUR [ INAUDIBLE ] REFLECTS ON EVERYTHING IN THE PAST YEAR AND WHAT TO LOOK FORWARD TO IN THE NEXT YEAR.

IT'S A TIME THEY DO A CEREMONY WHETHER IN THE COMMUNITIES OR WITH THEIR FAMILIES, THEY WILL SING TRADITIONAL SONGS TO BRING THE RAIN.

BECAUSE WE LIVE ON THE DESERT, WE NEED THE WATER, AGAIN, TO SURVIVE.

♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪ >> ASU AND SRP ARE TEAMING FOUND A NEW PROJECT THAT USES PLANES EQUIPPED WITH SCANNING TECHNOLOGY TO MEASURE SNOWPACK ACROSS ARIZONA'S WATERSHED.

THE GOAL IS TO HELP SRP FORECAST WINTER RUN OFF SO AS TO BETTER MANAGE ITS RESERVOIRS AND TO LEARN MORE WE WELCOME ENRIQUE HE'S DIRECTOR OF ASU CENTER FOR HYDRAULIC INVASIONS, GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

WE FEEL COME TO THE SHOW.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING ME.

>> THIS IS A -- THIS SOUNDED LIKE REALLY INVENTIVE AND NEW WAYS TO FIGURE OUT THE SNOWPACK, HUH?

>> IT IS.

IN FACT, WE ARE COMBINING DIFFERENT METHODS TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW MUCH SNOW WE HAVE IN ARIZONA.

>> ASU AND SRP ARE WORKING TOWING HERE NOW?

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

WE ARE ALSO WORKING WITH THE U.S.

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION THAT FUNDED THE PROJECT.

AND WITH A PRIVATE COMPANY CALLED ASO.

AIRBORNE SNOW OBSERVATORIES AND THEY RUN THESE PLANES ALL OVER THE WESTERN U.S., WYOMING, COLORADO, CALIFORNIA, TO MAP SNOW.

TYPICALLY FOR WATER AGENCIES.

TO USE THOSE PRODUCTS TO PREDICT THE AMOUNT OF WATER TO EXPECT IN THE NEXT SPRING OR SUMMER SEASON.

>> AND I WOULD IMAGINE MEASURING SNOWPACK WOULD BE TOUGH BAIT IN ARIZONA, ESPECIALLY THE HIGH COUNTRY.

OBVIOUSLY THE HIGH COUNTRY.

BUT ESPECIALLY ANY IN ARIZONA BECAUSE THE SUN HITS THE STUFF SO QUICKLY.

IS THAT A PROBLEM?

>> THAT'S A KEY DIFFERENCE THAT WE HAVE WITH OTHER STATES.

>> YES.

>> OUR SNOWPACKS DON'T LOST AS LONG AS SAY IN COLORADO.

OUR SNOW SEASON MUCH SHORER AND THE SNOWPACKS CAN BUILDUP AND THEY CAN MELT.

>> YES.

>> AND NEXT BUILDUP AGAIN AND THEY CAN MELT.

>> SO THE SNOW THERE ONE MINUTE AND GONE THE NEXT?

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

>> OKAY, SO OBVIOUSLY MEASURING THIS IS TRICKY.

I WOULD IMAGINE THE TERRAIN IN ARIZONA WOULD BE TRICKY AS WELL WHEN YOU ARE NOT, YOU KNOW, A THOUSAND FEET OFF THE GROUND.

>> RIGHT.

AND THE PLANE IS FLYING AT 17,000 FEET.

IT FLEW TODAY.

>> YES.

>> MAPPED DURING A FIVE-HOUR AIRPLANE FLIGHT THE AREA AROUND THE UPPER BLACK RIVER IN THE HEAD WATERS OF THE SALT RIVER.

SO THIS PLANE IS MAPPING IN TREACHEROUS TERRAIN.

NOT ONLY IS THE TERRAIN TREACHEROUS BUT ALSO IT'S FORESTED.

WE ARE TRYING TO LOOK AT SNOW ON TREES, UNDER TREES.

>> INTERESTING.

>> SNOW BETWEEN TREES.

THIS IS MAPPING AT A REALLY HIGH RESOLUTION.

THINK OF IT AS A FEW FEET BY A FEW FEET.

WE'LL HAVE A MEASUREMENT OF HOW MUCH SNOW THERE IS, THE DEPTH, HOW MUCH WATER IS IN THAT SNOWPACK.

AND THE SNOW COLOR.

THE SNOW COLOR TELLS US ABOUT HOW REFLECTIVE THE SNOWPACK IS TO THE SUN'S RAYS.

>> INTERESTING.

ALL RIGHT.

HOW DOES IT, WOULD?

THE PLANE GETS UP THERE AND WHAT HAPPENS ON THE PLANE?

>> THE PLANE HAS THESE TWO SENSORS HANGING FROM THE BOTTOM, LITERALLY.

THERE IS AN OPENING IN THE PLANE, ONE OF THOSE SENSORS IS CALLED A LIDAR, IT USES PULSES OF LIGHT AND IT DETECTS HOW FAST THE PULSES OF LIGHT TRAVEL TO THE SURFACE AND BOUNCE OFF THE SNOWPACK AND COME BACK UP.

NEXT TO IT, IS AN IMAGING SPECTROMETER, THIS IS MEASURING SAY THE COLOR OF THE SNOW.

AND OF THE TREES AND OF THE OTHER PARTS OF THE TERRAIN.

FROM THAT WE ARE INFERRING OTHER PROPERTIES OF THE SNOWPACK.

THESE TWO ARE ON THE SAME SYSTEM.

YOU ARE MEASURING THE LOCATION OF THE AIRPLANE SO THAT YOU CAN CORRECT FOR WHERE IS IT THAT YOU TOOK THE IMAGES RELATIVE TO WHAT MOUNTAIN.

>> BUT WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THE LIDAR, IT GOES DOWN AND BOUNCES AND COMES UP BEING HOW DOES THAT MEASURE THE ACTUAL DEPTH AND THE VOLUME OF THE SNOW.

>> WE KNOW THE SPEED OF LIGHT.

SO WE JUST HAVE TO MEASURE THE TRAVEL TIME OF A LIGHT PULSE AS IT BOUNCES OFF THE SNOWPACK AND COMES BACK.

IF WE KNOW THE SPEED OF LIGHT AND THE TRAVEL TIME, WE'LL KNOW THE DISTANCE.

SO WHEN THE SNOWPACK IS DEEP.

THAT DISTANCE IS SHORTER.

WHEN THE SNOW BACK IS LESS DEEP, THAT DISTANCE IS LONGER.

>> INTERESTING.

OKAY.

AND BUT YOU HAVE TO ALSO KNOW THE RELATIVE ELEVATION OF THE AREA, TRUE?

OR NOT NECESSARILY?

>> NO, THERE WAS ALREADY A SNOW FLIGHT THAT WAS DONE PRIOR TO THE SNOW BUILDING UP WHERE WE KNOW ALL OF THE TERRAIN, ALL OF THE TREES AND WHERE THEY ARE.

ALL OF THE BUILDINGS AND ROADS.

SO WE ARE LOOKING AT THE DIFFERENCES IN ELEVATION BETWEEN THE SNOW-FREE FLIGHT AND THE SNOW-ON FLIGHT THAT WE DID TODAY.

>> HOW ACCURATE?

ARE THESE MODELS, ESTIMATES OR THE REAL DEAL?

>> NO, THIS IS THE REAL DEAL.

THESE ARE DIRECT OBSERVATIONS USING IMAGING AND LASER TECHNOLOGY.

WE USE MODELS FOR OTHER ACTIVITIES IN OUR RESEARCH.

>> YEAH.

>> AND THIS DATA SET, WE COULD CALL THE TRUTH.

THE ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE ARE DOING IS WE ARE TRAINING AN ALGORITHM USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES SO THAT WE CAN MIMIC WHAT THE AIRPLANE SEES BUT NOT FROM THE AIRPLANE FROM SATELLITES.

THE SATELLITES ARE THERE ALL THE TILE.

>> WOW.

>> THEY ARE MEASURING EVERY DAY BUT THEY DON'T HAVE THE ACCURACY THAT THE AIRPLANE DOES.

THE AIRPLANE IS COMING THREE TIMES TO ARIZONA.

WE WANT TO MAP IT EVERY DAY.

>> YEAH.

YEAH.

AND SRP NEEDS THIS INFORMATION.

HOW IS SRP GOING TO USE THE INFORMATION?

>> WELL, SRP USES SNOW INFORMATION TO HELP MANAGE THE RESERVOIR SYSTEM.

THEY'LL KNOW WHEN THE SNOW MELTS, HOW MUCH SNOW IS THERE, THEY HAVE AN EXPECTATION OF THE AMOUNT OF WATER COMING INTO THE RESERVOIRS AND THEY CAN MAKE DECISIONS AS TO WHETHER TO HOLD WATER IN THE RESERVOIR OR RELEASE IT.

IN THAT TRANSLATION THERE IS A HYDROLOGIC MODEL THAT WE ARE USING IN THIS PROJECT TO HELP SRP.

>> LAST QUESTION HERE.

I GUESS THE PLANE TOOK OFF FROM SAFFORD?

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

>> OKAY.

HOW QUICKLY ARE THE RESULTS KNOWN?

HOW QUICKLY DOES SRP GET THOSE RESULTS AND MOVE INTO ACTION?

>> TODAY WE SAW THE FLIGHT PATH OF THE AIRPLANE AS IT WAS GOING ALONG THE WATERSHED.

IT WAS A REALLY COOL THINK I BELIEVE.

WE HAVE INITIAL DATA ALREADY.

SO WE EXPECT THIS TO BE TRANSFERRED TO SRP FAIRLY SOON.

SRP HAD STAFF TODAY ON THE GROUND TAKING MEASUREMENT AS THE AIRCRAFT WAS FLYING TO TRY TO VALIDATE SOME OF THE MEASUREMENTS THE AIRCRAFT TAKES.

>> WOW, VERY COOL STUFF.

ALL RIGHT, ENRIQUE AGAIN, ASU CENTER FOR HYDRAULIC INNOVATION, THIS IS REALLY HYDRAULIC INNOVATION HERE, ISN'T IT.

>> IT CERTAINLY IS.

>> GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE, THANKS FOR JOINING US.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING US.

♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪ ♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪ >> THE ARIZONA JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND HILTON FAMILY HOLOCAUST EDUCATION CENTER DEBUTING A TRAVELING EXHIBIT THAT SHOWCASES THE STORIES OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS AND THE PEOPLE THAT HELP SHAPE THE SURVIVORS AND THEIR JOURNEY.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE HILTON FAMILY EDUCATION CENTER JOINING US NOW.

GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> THIS IS TITLED TRIUMPH IN TRAGEDY.

IT'S AN EXHIBIT.

TALK TO US ABOUT IT.

>> SURE.

WHILE WE ARE IN CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW HOLOCAUST EDUCATION CERTAINTY WE WANTED TO BE OUT IN THE COMMUNITY REMAINING EVERYONE AND EDUCATE THAT GO THESE STORIES THAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT, THIS VISION THAT WE ARE GOING TO SHARE, HAPPENED TO INDIVIDUALS WHO LIVE LOCALLY.

SO WE HAVE PARTNERED ALL ACROSS THE STATE WITH DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS WHERE OUR EXHIBIT WILL BE SHOWN FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME TO MAKE THE EMOTIONAL CONNECTION WITH THE COMMUNITY, AND HIGHLIGHTING SURVIVORS AS YOU MENTIONED BUT ALSO THOSE WHO RISKED THEIR LIFE OR DID SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY THAT ALLOWED INDIVIDUALS TO SURVIVE.

>> INDEED.

ARTIFACTS AS WELL.

>> CORRECT.

ARTIFACTS ARE A CRITICAL PIECE OF THE EXPERIENCE, THEY ALWAYS CONNECT STUDENTS.

SO EVERY EXHIBIT HAS ARTIFACTS THAT GO HE WITH IT.

>> HOW ARE THESE STORIES PRESENTED?

>> SO THE COMPANION EVENTS THAT GO WITH THE STORIES, WHEN STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS GO AND VISIT, THERE IS AN EXHIBIT THAT INCLUDES SPECIFIC STORIES OF THE LIBERATION OR OF A MOMENT THAT OCCURRED TO THESE SURVIVORS WITH THEIR LIBERATORS AND THEN THE ARTIFACTS SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES.

SO THEY HAVE EXAMPLES AND SHARE BUT WHAT'S REALLY CRITICAL ARE THE COMPANION PROGRAMS THAT GO WITH THEM BRING THE STORIES TO LIFE.

>> INDEED.

LET'S TALK ABOUT THE SOME OF THE STORIES.

WE HAVE THE KLINES.

TALK TO US DID GERDA AND TALK TO US ABOUT KURT.

>> SURE.

THERE IS AN INCREDIBLE LOVE STORY.

IT'S ABOUT GERDA AND KURT.

GERDA WAS -- WENT THROUGH THE WAR SIX YEARS OF BEING IN VARIOUS CAMS, STARTED, DEATH MARCHES, LABOR CAMPS AND SHE WAS AT THE END OF HER JOURNEY IN AN ABANDONED FACTORY WHERE WE ENDED UP REALLY CHANGED HER LIFE IN ONE MOMENT.

THE BEST MOMENTS OF HER LIFE HAPPENED WHICH KURT, WHO ALSO HIMSELF HAD GROWN UP IN EASTERN EUROPE, HE WAS ORIGINALLY FROM EASTERN EUROPE, CAME FROM GERMANY, CAME BACK TO LIBERATE THE TROOPS.

SO HE WALKED INTO THIS ABANDONED FACTORY.

HE IMMEDIATELY SAW GERDA, HE SAID TAKE ME TO SEE WHO ELSE IS HERE.

THERE WERE ABOUT 120 WOMEN THAT WERE THERE.

>> WOW.

>> HE HELD THE DOOR GERDA, IN THAT MOMENT HER ENTIRE HUMANITY CAME BACK AND SHE FELT LIKE IT WAS A CHANGE FROM HER LIFE.

SHE MARRIED HIM A YEAR LATER AND CAME AT THAT WORK.

>> HER STORY NOW IS THEY HAVE HER OWN WORDS AND EVERYTHING.

THAT'S REALLY BECOME AN INCREDIBLE SPOKESPERSON FOR THE RESILIENCE AND HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS AND LIBERATORS, KURT'S STORY IS JUST AS REMARKABLE, HAVE REALLY LEFT THEIR MARK ON SOCIETY.

>> WE HAVE ESTHER AND HER DAUGHTER RACHEL.

TALK TO US ABOUT THEM.

>> ESTHER IS KNOWN AS THE HONEY GIRL OF AUSCHWITZ, UNFORTUNATELY SHE'S NO LONGER WITH US, SHE PASSED RECENTLY.

AND ESTHER SURVIVED UNBELIEVABLE CIRCUMSTANCES SHE WAS TAKE OWN AUSCHWITZ AT AGE 16, SHE ROUGHED TREMENDOUS LOSS AND ENDED UP IN AMERICA AND HER DAUGHTER REACHED OUT TO A LIBERATING FORCE AS THEY WERE HOLDING ONE OF THEIR EVENTS, AND WAS ABLE TO REUNITE ESTHER WITH HER LIBERATOR WHO COINED THE TERM HONEY GIRL.

>> YEAH.

>> BECAUSE SHE HAD GOTTEN SICK WHEN EATING HONEY AFTER BEING STARVED.

>> WOW.

AND SO THEY WERE REUNITED AND THEY HAD A FRIENDSHIP.

AND UNFORTUNATELY, HE PASSED AND THEN SHE PASSED RECENTLY.

BUT WE HAVE AN INTERACTIVE DEVICE THAT ALLOWS TO YOU HAVE CONVERSATIONS WITH ESTHER.

>> AND REAL INTERESTING THAT MUST BE SOMETHING.

BUT I WAS GOING TO MENTION FROM WHAT I READ SHE ALWAYS ENDED HER TALKS AND HER ADDRESS WITH FORGIVENESS.

WITH THE CONCEPT OF FORGIVENESS.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

SHE SAID FOR HER OWN SAKE SHE DECIDE TODAY FORGIVE AND TURNED HER LIFE LEGACY INTO ENSURING THAT OTHERS HEARD HER MESSAGE AND KNEW WHAT SHE WENT THROUGH IN ORDER TO PREVENT IT HAPPENING AGAIN.

>> THAT'S A GREAT STORY.

ONE MORE HERE, THIS IS A SURVIVOR MARGOT AND HER LAST NAME IS KIND OF FAMILIAR HERE, MARGOT FRANK.

>> YES.

SO THE WORLD IS VERY FAMILIAR WITH HER SISTER, HER YOUNGER SISTER ANN FRANK, BECAUSE SHE LEFT HER MESSAGE TO SOCIETY IN A DIARY.

BUT MARGOT IS MUCH LESS KNOWN, SHE WAS QUIETER, SURE SISTER DESCRIBED HER AS A LITTLE MORE SHY.

BUT NONETHELESS SHE WAS THE STORY OF ULTIMATE, WENT THROUGH THE EXPERIENCE HIDING IN THE ANNEX WITH HER SISTER, FAMILY AND OTHERS.

THEY WERE DISCOVERED AND DEPORTED.

ULTIMATELY, SHE ENDED UP PERISHING FROM TYPHUS IN BERGEN-BELSEN AND THE STORY PEARS HER WITH A CLASSMATE OF HER OR A STUDENT THAT SHE KNEW TED WHO REMEMBERED HER BEING VERY QUIET.

WALKING BACK FROM SCHOOL, AND THIS IS A STORY HE ENDED UP SURVIVING, MARGOT PASSED AWAY VERY CLOSE TO LIBERATION.

AND SO THIS IS ALSO A STORY ABOUT HOW CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WERE VERY RANDOM ALLOWED SOME PEOPLE TO SURVIVE AND OTHERS WE WANT TO KEEP LEGACY ALIVE.

MARGOT IS A CRITICAL STORY WE WANT TO SHARE.

>> KEEPING THE LEGACY ALIVE A BIG THING THERE.

WHAT ELSE DO YOU WANT PEOPLE TO TAKE FROM THE EXHIBITS.

>> WE WANT THEM TO UNDERSTAND THESE WERE THEIR NEIGHBORS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS, WE PUT THE EXHIBIT OUT IN THE COMMUNITY BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE WE WANT PEOPLE TONE GAUGE WITH THEM.

THESE ARE INDIVIDUALS THAT LIVED IN THE AREA, THEY HAVE A PERSONAL CONNECTION TO PHOENIX.

AND EVEN THOUGH IT SEEMED LIKE THIS HAPPENED VERY LONG AGO, WHEN YOU LEARN THE STORIES YOU REALIZE, THIS WASN'T VERY LONG AGO AND IT WASN'T ONLY IN A PLACE VERY FAR AWAY.

THIS ALSO AFFECTED OUR LOCAL COMMUNITY.

>> INDEED.

WHAT KIND OF REACTION ARE YOU GETTING SO FAR FROM THE STORIES?

WHEN THESE STORIES AND THESE THINGS ARE PRESENTED, HOW DO PEOPLE REACT?

>> IT'S BEEN REMARKABLE.

WE HEAR FROM STUDENTS THAT THEY HAD NO IDEA.

IN A DAY AND AGE WHERE NOT EVERYONE EVEN BELIEVES THAT THE HOLOCAUST HAPPENED.

THESE STORIES BRING THE REALITY OF WHAT OCCURRED DOWN TO THE STUDENTS AND I THINK IT MAKES THEM VERY EAGER TO LEARN MORE, TO ENGAGE WITH THE MATERIAL.

AND HOPEFULLY THEY'LL BE JOINING US JUST IN A YEAR AND A HALF WHEN WE OPEN OUR NEW MUSEUM.

>> TALK ABOUT THAT QUICKLY.

WHETHER IS IT OPENING AND WHAT KIND OF FACILITY ARE WE TALKING ABOUT.

>> AUGUST OF 2027.

VERY EXCITING.

WE ARE ALREADY IN THE MIDDLE OF CONSTRUCTION RIGHT NOW.

RIGHT DOWN THE STREET.

VERY EXCITING.

WE ARE FINALIZING THE EXHIBIT DESIGN, THIS IS GOING TO BE INNOVATIVE, IT'S GOING TO BE AN EXPERIENCE FOR STUDENTS OF ALL AGES.

AND WE ARE REALLY THRILLED TO HAVE THE COMMUNITY JOIN US ALONG FOR THE RIDE.

>> WELL, THANK YOU SO MUCH AGAIN FOR SHARING THIS EXHIBIT AND TALKING TO US ABOUT IT.

HILTON FAMILY HOLOCAUST EDUCATION CENTER.

THANK YOU SO MUCH.

WE CERTAINLY APPRECIATION IT.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> YOU BETTER.

AND THAT IS IT FOR NOW.

I AM TED SIMONS, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.

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