>>> COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION RESCINDS ITS FREEZE ON FEDERAL GRANTS AND LOANS, BUT DID THE ADMINISTRATION HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO IMPOSE THE FREEZE IN THE FIRST PLACE?

ALSO TONIGHT, SCOTTSDALE OFFICIAL SAYS THAT TWO NEW STATE LAWS ARE IN ATTACK ON THE CITY'S NEIGHBORHOODS.

AND WHY ARTIFICIAL HEARTS CAN HELP REGENERATE HEART MUSCLE IN SOME PARENTS.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON.

>>> GOOD EVENING, AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

GOVERNOR KATIE HOBBS TODAY APPOINTED APPEALS COURT JUDGE MARIA ELAINA CRUZ TO THE ARIZONA SUPREME COURT.

CRUZ IS THE FIRST LATINA AND FIRST BLACK ARIZONAN TO SERVE ON THE STATE'S HIGHEST COURT, AND AS A YUMA RESIDENT, SHE'S THE ONLY MEMBER OF THE COURT FROM A RURAL COUNTY.

AND NAMING CRULZ, THE GOVERNOR NOTED CRUZ'S CREDENTIALS AND ADDED THAT SHE WAS LOOKING FOR SOMEONE WHO, QUOTE, REFLECTS OUR STATE AND A JUSTICE, WHO WILL, QUOTE, UPLIFT THOSE WHO NEED IT MOST.

THIS IS THE GOVERNOR'S FIRST SUPREME COURT APPOINTMENT AND THE FIRST BY A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR IN 20 YEARS.

>>> THE WHITE HOUSE TODAY RESCINDED ITS DIRECTIVE FREEZING FEDERAL AID.

REVERSAL COMES LESS THAN 24 HOURS AFTER THE ORDER TOOK EFFECT, WHICH WAS FOLLOWED BY A FEDERAL JUDGE, STEPPING IN AND TEMPORARILY BLOCKING THE DIRECTIVE.

DEMOCRATIC MEMBERS OF CONGRESS NOT AMUSED.

>> NEVER IN MY TIME IN THE SENATE I HAVE SEEN A PRESIDENT CAUSE SO MUCH CHAOS AND PANIC AND DAMAGE IN SUCH A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME.

AS PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS CAUSED WITH HIS BRAZEN AND ILLEGAL MOVE TO FREEZE FEDERAL GRANTS ACROSS THE GOVERNMENT AND ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION THROUGH A COMBINATION OF SHEER INCOMPETENCE, CRUEL INTENTIONS, AND A WILLFUL DISREGARD OF THE LAW CAUSED REAL HARM AND CHAOS FOR MILLIONS OVER THE SPAN OF JUST 48 HOURS.

>> ALSO TODAY ON CAPITOL HILL, ROBERT KENNEDY JUNIOR'S NOMINATION FOR HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES DIRECTOR INCLUDED MANY QUESTIONS REGARDING KENNEDY'S MANY CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT ITCHES OF VACCINES.

>> THE NOMINEE WROTE A BOOK SAYING THAT PEOPLE HAD BEEN MISLED INTO BELIEVING THAT MEANS ELSE IS A DEADLY DISEASE.

HE'S TRYING NOW TO PLAY DOWN HIS ROLE IN SAMOA.

THAT'S NOT WHAT THE PARENTS SAY.

THAT'S NOT WHAT GOVERNOR GREEN SAYS.

IT'S TIME TO MAKE SURE WHAT WE BLOW THE WHISTLE ON ACTUALLY WHAT YOUR VIEWS ARE.

AT LEAST WE'RE STARTING.

>> I SPORT MEASLES VACCINE.

I SUPPORT THE POLIO VACCINE.

I WILL AS HSS SECRETARY MAKE SOME DIFFICULT AND WILL NOT DISCOURAGE PEOPLE FROM -- >> ANYBODY WHO BELIEVES THAT OUGHTA LOOK AT MEASLES BOOK YOU WROTE SAYING PARENTS HAD BEEN MISLED INTO BELIEVING THAT MEANS ELSE IS A DEADLY DISEASE.

THAT'S NOT TRUE.

>> AND DEMOCRATS ON THE COMMITTEE HAD OTHER CONCERNS.

>> HE HAS SAID HE WILL PROTECT HIS RIGHTS TO MAKE MONEY OFF THE POSITION OF SECRETARY OF HHS.

THAT MEANS THAT EVERY DECISION HE MAKES COULD BE FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE OR COULD BE JUST TO BENEFIT RFK JR. >> THESE HEARINGS ARE A JOB INTERVIEW.

IT'S BEEN THE BUSINESS MODEL LONGER THAN I'VE BEEN A POLITICIAN.

AND AFTER THAT INTERVIEW, THERE'S NO WAY I'D HIRE MR. KENNEDY TO BE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES.

>> BUT SENATE REPUBLICANS SAW THINGS DIFFERENTLY.

>> I FEEL LIKE HE'S BEEN VERY PREPARED, AND I THINK THAT HE HAS MIRRORED THE BEHAVIOR WHEN APPROPRIATE ON THE DEMOCRAT SIDE, TRYING ATTACK HIM.

I THINK ON THE WHOLE HE'S ACTUALLY DONE A VERY GOOD JOB.

THERE'S A LOT OF PRESSURE IN THAT ROOM.

HE'S GOT ANOTHER DAY TO GO THROUGH TOMORROW IN THE HEALTH COMMITTEE.

I'M IN A PRESUMPTIVE LEAN YES POSITION AND EVERYTHING DID HE TODAY HAS ERODED THAT POSITION.

>> Reporter: KENNEDY ALSO TALKED ABOUT HIS SHIFTING STANCE ON ABORTION WHICH AT THIS TIME CONSISTS OF COMPLETE AGREEMENT WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP'S POLICIES.

ONE MORE HEADLINE, THE PRESIDENT SIGNED THE FIRST BILL OF HIS PRESIDENCY, THE LAKEN RILEY ACT MIGRANTS THAT ENTER WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION ARE ARRESTED AND CHARGED FOR CERTAIN CRIMES.

AN UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANT FROM VENEZUELA WAS PREVIOUSLY ARRESTED FOR SHOPLIFTING BUT HAD NOT BEEN DETAINED AND WENT OUT TO MURDER A WOMAN.

LAKEN RILEY.

>>> AS WE MENTIONED, THE WHITE HOUSE RESCINDED ITS DIRECTIVE FREEZING ALL FEDERAL GRANTS AND LOANS.

THE MEMO FROM THE WHITE HOUSE BUDGET OFFICE CAUSED MUCH CONFUSION AND LED TO A COURT ACTION PUTTING THE ORDER ON HOLD.

IT ALSO RAISED QUESTIONS AS TO EXECUTIVE POWER OVER SPENDING ALREADY AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS.

JOINING US NOW IS STEVEN MONTOYA , THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> WHAT IS AN EXECUTIVE ORDER?

WHAT IS A DIRECTIVE?

HOW MUCH FORCE OF LAW DO THESE THINGS HAVE?

>> A LOT AS A PRACTICAL MANNER.

THE PRESIDENT IS THE HIGHEST ELECTED OFFICIAL IN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.

HE HAS A LOT OF CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF.

HE'S HEAD OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH.

NO ONE WANTS TO DISAGREE WITH THE PRESIDENT, ESPECIALLY THIS PRESIDENT.

SO AN EXECUTIVE ORDER DOES HAVE SOMETHING VERY CLOSE TO THE FORCE OF LAW.

IT COULD NOT OVERRULE DECISION BY THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

IT'S NOT SUPPOSED TO CONFLICT WITH AN ACT OF CONGRESS.

THE PROBLEM IS THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS THE RIGHT TO HIS OWN OPINION REGARDING THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE LAWS PASSED BY CONGRESS AND CAN SAY, HEY, LISTEN, I DON'T THINK THAT LAW'S CONSTITUTIONAL.

I DON'T HAVE TO FOLLOW IT.

AND HENCE WE HAVE THE CREATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS.

>> WELL, BUT THAT STILL MEANS THAT YOU'LL HAVE COURT 10:00 FIGURE THIS THING OUT.

IT'S NOT JUST I SAY THIS, X, Y -- ESPECIALLY IN THIS -- THESE WERE STATUTES PASSED BY CONGRESS -- THIS WAS MONEY THAT WAS ALREADY ALLOCATED, MONEY ALREADY TAKEN FROM TAXES.

THIS IS SUPPOSED TO GO OUT AND NOW ALL OF A SUDDEN, WHAT YOU PULL THE SNUG.

>> YEAH.

-- PULL THE PLUG?

>>SPEAKER: YEAH, IT REALLY DOES IN MY OPINION CLEARLY VIOLATE THE SEPARATION OF POWERS, JUST AS IMPORTANTLY, IT VIOLATES THE CONGRESSIONAL STATUTE PASSED IN 1974 AFTER RICHARD TICKETS INXON REFUSED TO SPEND OUGHT THE MONEY ALLOCATED ON THE CLEAN WATER ACT.

HE SPENT ABOUT OF HALF OF IT AND SAID HE DIDN'T HAVE TO SPEND THE REST.

THE CITY OF NEW YORK SUED HIM, IT WENT ALL THE WAY TO SUPREME COURT WHERE PRESIDENT NIXON LOST 9 TO 0 IN AN OPINION BAIRD CONSERVATIVE ASSOCIATE JUSTICE WHITE JOINED BY THE LIBERALS, BRENNAN AND MARSHAL, AND THE CONSERVATIVE REHNQUIST OF ARIZONA.

>> AND DIDN'T SOMETHING HAPPEN IN THE MID-90s REGARDING LINE ITEM VETOES?

>>SPEAKER: YES.

BUT HOWEVER, WHAT HAPPENED IN REFERENCE TO THE 90s AND BILL CLINTON WAS THE SUPREME COURT CONSIDERED THE LAW AND SAID IT WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

BUT THAT LAW DID NOT VIOLATE THE SEPARATION OF POWERS.

THAT HE VIOLATED THE PRESENTMENT CLAUSE.

>> SO BOTTOMLINE, DOES THE PRESIDENT HAVE THE POWER TO BASICALLY BLOCK SPENDING AT CONGRESS HAS AUTHORIZED?

>>SPEAKER: I DO NOT BELIEVE THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS THAT POWER, AND I DON'T THINK THAT POWER IS CONSISTENT WITH THE STRUCTURE OF OUR GOVERNMENT ARTICLE 1, SECTION 1 OF THE CONSTITUTION, ALL LEGISLATIVE POWER IS VESTED IN CONGRESS ARTICLE 1, SECTION 6, CONGRESS HAS THE POWER TO ATTACK, IT HAS THE POWER TO SPEND.

THE PRESIDENT DOESN'T HAVE ANY OF THOSE POWERS.

SO YOU REALLY OOH -- CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY AND TURN OUR GOLF ON ITS THEY HAD GIVE THE PRESIDENT THAT POWER AND THAT'S UNDERSCORED BY THE FACT THAT HE DOES HAVE ONE POWER, HE HAS THE VETO POWER.

BUT IF HE DOESN'T EXERCISE THAT POWER OR IF HE EXERCISES IT AND THAT VETO IS OVERRIDDEN BY CONGRESS, HE HAS TO OBEY THE LAW THAT CONGRESS PASSES LIKE EVERYONE ELSE DOES.

>> AND THE IMPOUNDMENT LAW, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IMPOUNDMENT LAW IS TAKEN CARE OF.

>> CORRECT, THAT'S THE WORD.

>> THAT COULD BE REVERTED BY CONGRESS, COULD IT NOT -- REVERSED BY CONGRESS, COULD IT NOT ?

>> IT COULD.

HOWEVER, THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES IN A 1975 CASE, THE TRAIN VERSUS THE STIFF NEW YORK CASE SAID THAT WASN'T A CONSTITUTIONAL CASE.

THAT WAS A STATUTORY CASE.

AND THE COURT LOOKED AT THE CLEAN WATER ACT AND SAID, HEY, CONGRESS DIDN'T GIVE THE PRESIDENT THE RIGHT TO REDUCE THE SPENDING, SO THE PRESIDENT DOESN'T HAVE THAT RIGHT.

SO THE COURT REALLY IN EFFECT CONCLUDED THAT INHERENT IN PASSING LAWS MEANT THAT THE PRESIDENT MIGHT HAVE THE POWER TO VETO THE LAW, BUT IF HE DID NOT VETO IT, OR IF HIS VETO WAS OVERRIDDEN, HE'D HAVE TO COMPLY WITH THE LAW.

>> WHAT ABOUT THE PHRASE THOUGH, THE PRESIDENT SHALL TAKE CARE THAT THE LAW BE FAITHFULLY EXECUTED.

WHAT DOES THAT MEAN ?

>> I THINK IT MEANS THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS TO EXECUTE THE LAW THAT CONGRESS PASSED, UNLESS HE VETOES IT, AND HIS VETO IS NOT OVERRIDDEN.

FAITHFULLY EXECUTING THE LAW -- SEE, IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, WHEN YOU READ THE OMB DIRECTIVE, IT WAS ESSENTIALLY SAYING, HEY, I DON'T AGREE WITH THIS LAW, YOU KNOW, IT'S SOCIAL ENGINEERING, MARKSIS EQUITY.

>> THAT'S HIM FAITHFULLY EXECUTING THE LAW.

>> CONGRESS HAS THE TRITE DECIDE POLICY.

THE POWER TO LEGISLATE IS THE INHERENT POWER TO DECIDE POLICY.

IF POLICY THINGS THAT MARKSIS EQUITY AND TRANSGENDERISM AND GREEN THE DEAL IS WHAT WE NEED DO, THAT'S CONGRESS' RIGHT.

AND THE LAW THAT THE PRESIDENT FAITHFULLY EXECUTES ARE THE LAW THAT CONGRESS PASSES.

>> INTERESTING.

SO IT'S NOT HIS OPINION OF WHETHER OR NOT IT'S FAITHFULLY EXECUTED.

YET FAITHFULLY EXECUTE IT.

>> YEAH, THE WAY IF YOU TELL ME, HEY, THIS IS MY SHOPPING LIST, GO BUY MY GROCERIES.

OH, NO, THIS IS NOT A VERY HEALTHY DIET.

I THINK I'M GONNA HAVE TO BUY YOU MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AND GET RID OF THE BREAD AND THE CANDY.

THAT'S NOT FAITHFULLY EXECUTING YOUR LIST.

>> I'M NOT HAPPY ABOUT THAT.

BUT I GUESS THAT'S THE LAW, ISN'T IT ?

>> THAT IS AT LAW, IN MY VIEW.

BUT I ALSO THINK THAT'S THE SUPREME COURT'S VIEW, AND I ALSO THINK THAT THE LANGUAGE OF THE CONSTITUTION MANDATES THAT.

>> REAL QUICKLY, BEFORE YOU GO, IS THAT THIS SUPREME COURT'S VIEW ?

>> I THINK THAT'S THIS SUPREME COURT'S VIEW TOO, BECAUSE, REMEMBER, THE TRAIN VERSUS NEW YORK CITY CASE, THE CONSERVATIVES AND THE LIBERALS SPOKE IN ONE VOICE IN THAT CASE.

AND THIS IS SOMETHING THAT GOES TO THE HEART OF THE SEPARATION OF POWERS.

NOW, THE PRESIDENT DOES HAVE THE RIGHT TO VETO, WHICH IS A POWERFUL RIGHT, BUT ONCE HE EXERCISES THAT RIGHT, HE HAS TO GO WITH THE LAW THAT CONGRESS PASSES.

>> STEVEN MONTOYA, GREAT CONVERSATION, AS ALWAYS.

GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> THANK YOU, SIR.

>>> FOR MORE ON THIS, WE WELCOME THE MAYOR OF SCOTTSDALE.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

>> THANK YOU.

GLAD TO BE HERE.

>> THESE ARE PREEMPTS LAWS, YOUR OPINION ON THESE TWO LAWS, ARE YOU AMONG THOSE WHO SAY THIS IS NO GOOD FOR US ?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

I THINK THE STATE IS MEDDLING IN WHAT I THINK ONE OF THE TOP PRIORITIES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT IS, AND THAT IS TO PROTECT HOMEOWNERS, RESIDENTS IN OUR COMMUNITY.

AND BY TAKING BY UNDERMINING OUR ABILITY TO ENGAGE IN ZONING AND PLAN IN OUR CITIES, I THINK THAT IT'S GONE WAY TOO LAW.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT THE CASITA LAW ABOUT WHAT CAN BE BUILT ON A CERTAIN PROPERTY.

WHAT IS THE CONCERN THERE ?

>> TOP PRIORITY FIRE IS ON EVERYBODY'S MILD RIGHT NOW.

IT ELIMINATES SCOTTSDALE'S ABILITY TO REQUIRE FIRE SPRINKLERS.

FIRE SPRINKLERS HAVE BEEN PART OF THE CODE IN THE REQUIREMENT FOR NEW ABOUTS FOR DECADES, RIGHT.

SO THAT'S ONE EXAMPLE OF HOW, YOU KNOW -- IT JUST DOESN'T MAKE ANY SENSE.

IT ELIMINATES THEM ON PROPERTY LINES, IT DOESN'T REQUIRE ADDITIONAL PARKING.

THERE ARE SO MANY WAYS IT CAN BE OFFENSIVE TO OTHER MEMBERS, YOU KNOW, OVER THE FENCE COMMUNITY MEMBERS THAT ARE OVER THE FENCE.

>> AND THIS MEANS LIKE A SINGLE FAMILY HOME, YOU CAN PUT TWO OTHER LITTLE HOMES ON THAT PROPERTY?

IS THAT TRUE?

>> CORRECT.

>> AND IF IT'S A MAKER OR MORE, YOU CAN GET THREE HOMES -- WE TALKED ABOUT THIS A WHILE BACK.

>> YOUR MEMORY IS PROBABLY AS GOOD AS MINE.

I'VE BEEN IN OFFICE FOR TWO WEEKS AND THIS IS A NEW LAW THAT JUST TOOK AFFECT EARLIER THIS YEAR AND THERE'S A AMOUNT THERE IT BE NOT MORE THAN 1,000 SQUARE FEET, ADU, I BELIEVE.

AND I THOUGHT THE MAXIMUM WAS TWO.

BUT -- >> I THINK ON AN ACRE PROPERTY, YOU CAN GET THREE, WHICH IS OBVIOUSLY A LOT OF LAND.

IT'S A LOT OF HOMES.

PEOPLE NEED HOMES.

THERE WAS A HOUSING SHORTAGE.

WHY IS THIS A BAD THING FOR SCOTTSDALE?

>> WELL, FOR ALL THE REASONS I'VE JUST SAID.

PEOPLE BUY PROPERTIES, INVEST A LOT OF MONEY, YOU KNOW, IN EVERY PART OF THE COUNTY, BUT ESPECIALLY SCOTTSDALE, RIGHT.

YOU MOVE TO A COMMUNITY FAR NORTH SCOTTSDALE, FOR EXAMPLE, AND YOU BUY, YOU KNOW, AN ACRE PROPERTY BECAUSE YOU LIKE A LOT OF LAND AND PEACE AND QUIET AND LOW LIGHTS AND NOT A LOT OF TRAFFIC.

AND THEN YOUR NEIGHBOR NOW HAS A SUBDIVIDED LOT IN ESSENCE ON THEIR PROPERTY, WHICH IS IMPOSING UPON YOUR PROPERTY VALUE, AND SO IT CHANGES THE ENTIRE LAND SCAPE OF THE COMMUNITY.

>> YOU MENTIONED SHORT TERM RENTALS HERE.

IS THAT A CONTINUING PROBLEM IN SCOTTSDALE IS THIS.

>> IT IS.

IT REALLY IS.

SO SCOTTSDALE, YOU KNOW -- I KNOW THE PAST COUPLE OF YEARS SCOTTSDALE -- THE PRIOR ADMINISTRATION DID ENACT AN ORDINANCE THAT REQUIRED SHORT-TERM RENTALS TO BE -- TO REGISTER AND GET A TPT, YOU KNOW, TAX LICENSE, AND ASSESS CHARGES AND REPORTING OBLIGATIONS AND A LITANY OF, YOU KNOW, QUESTIONS THAT HAD TO BE ANSWERED FOR THE CITY IN ORDER TO GET THE LICENSE.

SO THEN YOU GET INTO THE ENFORCEMENT ISSUE.

IT'S A SMALL DEPARTMENT.

IT'S LIKE A CODE ENFORCEMENT, AND IT REALLY IS NEIGHBOR DRIVEN TO BE THE ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM, AND SO IF YOU HAVE SHORT-TERM -- A PARTY HOUSE NEXT TO YOU, YOU ARE THE ONE THAT NEEDS TO BE CALLING TO REPORT THIS TO THE CITY.

OF COURSE, NO -- YOU KNOW, THE CITY -- THE PEOPLE WORKING IN ENFORCEMENT ARE NOT OUT POLICING THE AREA.

SO, IT'S STILL A BIG STRUGGLE IN OUR COMMUNITY.

AND IDEALLY, YOU KNOW, THIS -- I THINK IT WAS GOVERNOR DUCEY THAT, YOU KNOW, STREET OLD THE ABILITY OR PASSED THE LEGISLATION THAT LIMITED OR PROHIBITED CITIES FROM ENGAGING IN ENFORCEMENT OF FPRs, THAT WAS BEFORE AIRBNB, YOU KNOW, ALL OF THESE PLATFORMS THAT YOU CAN REPRESENT ONLINE.

SO IT PROBABLY NEEDS TO BE LOOKED AT TO SEE HOW WE CAN BETTER REGULATE.

FOR EXAMPLE, WEEK MINIMUM.

>> OKAY.

BEFORE YOU, GO I WANT TO GET TO ADAPTIVE REUSE LAW.

THE IDEA THAT FAILED COMMERCIAL CENTERS AND THESE SORTS OF THINGS CAN BE REUSED AS APARTMENT COMPLEXES.

WHAT'S THE CONCERN THERE?

>> A LOT OF CONCERNS ARE THERE.

FIRST OF ALL.

THE CITY HAS NO ZONING OVERSIGHT, WE HAVE A DEVELOPMENT BOARD AND TAKE THE QUALITY OF OUR PROJECTS VERY, VERY SERIOUSLY.

I CAN TELL YOU COMING OFF A YEAR ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL NOT ONLY DOES THE CITY TAKE IT SERIOUSLY, OUR RESIDENTS TAKE IT VERY, VERY SERIOUSLY.

SO ALLOWING A DILAPIDATED -- I THINK THAT'S ACTUALLY THE TERM THEY USE -- COMMERCIAL BUILDING TO NOW BE TURNED INTO AN APARTMENT PROJECT, AND I THINK THEY LIMIT THE USE OF MULTIDWELLING UNITS TO 10%, WHICH MAKES NO SENSE... >> AND AGAIN, THESE ARE THINGS THAT THE CITY WOULD ORDINARILY AND PREVIOUSLY HAD SOME CONTROL OVER, AND NOW, WHAT, YOU'RE JUST OUT THERE WATCHING?

>> THAT'S WHAT THE STATE LEGISLATURE -- YOU KNOW, THESE STATUTES ARE TELLING US.

>> Reporter: HOW IS SCOTTSDALE -- HOW HAVE YOU RESPONDED?

HOW HAS SCOTTSDALE RESPONDED?

WHAT ARE YOU TELLING LAWMAKERS?

WHAT ARE YOU TELLING RESIDENT AS SOON AS.

>> WE'RE TALKING TO REPRESENTATIVES CONSTANTLY.

IN FACT, TODAY, YOU KNOW WE WE HAD ONE IN THE OFFICE TALKING TO OUR STATE REPRESENTATIVE.

AND THEY'RE NOT FOR THE IDEA, RIGHT, EVEN THOUGH THEY'RE IN THE STATE HOUSE OR STATE SENATE.

THEY'RE NOT THE ONES APPROVING THESE.

IT'S REALLY AN INTERESTING NIECE IF YOU WILL OF LEGISLATURE THAT IS PROMOTING THIS IDEA.

THEY'RE NOT FROM SCOTTSDALE.

SO.

AND OUR RELATIVES FEEL THE SAME WAY AS I DO, AND, YOU KNOW, THEY HAVE BEEN FIGHTING FOR US.

, AND THEN, YOU KNOW, THERE'S ANOTHER PIECE OF LEGISLATION, I THINK IT'S 2731, IF I'M NOT MISTAKEN, COMING UP THROUGH -- THAT WAS THREATENED, IF YOU WILL, LAST LEGISLATIVE SESSION, AND THAT IS THE TINY HOUSE BILL.

AND THAT'S THE NEXT BIG THING THAT WE NEED TO FIGHT.

AND I'M REALLY CONCERN CHANGED ABOUT.

THIS COULD CHANGE THE ENTIRE LOOK AND FEEL OF OUR COMMUNITY.

>> LISA, FIRST OF ALL, CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR ELECTION, AND WE'LL BE FOLLOWING THIS AND SEEING WHERE IT GOES.

I KNOW A LOT OF CITIES HAVE A LOT OF CONCERNS, INCLUDING SCOTTSDALE.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>>> THE UNIVERSITY ARIZONA HARBOR HEART CENTER IN TUCSON HAVE FOUND THAT SOME PATIENTS WITH ARTIFICIAL HEARTS HAVE EXPERIENCED HEART MUSCLE REGENERATION AT SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATES THAN SEEN IN HEALTHY HEARTS.

ASHAM, THE DIRECTOR OF THE HEART CENTER.

WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON, DOCTOR.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

>> THANK YOU.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT THIS.

THE IDEA IS THAT -- YOUR RESEARCH FOCUSED ON PEOPLE WITH ARTIFICIAL HEARTS, AND WHAT DID YOU FIND?

>> SO MY RESEARCH FOCUSES ON MAKING THE HEART MUSCLE GROW.

SO IN HUMANS, THE HEART MUSCLE DOESN'T GROW AFTER BIRTH.

IN UTERO, THE MUSCLE CELLS DIVIDE AND IT GROWS BUT AFTER WE'RE BORN, MAYBE ONLY 1% PER YEAR.

AND SO IF YOU HAVE INJURY TO HEART MUSCLE SUCH AS, YOU KNOW, HEART ATTACK, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT 1% PER YEAR IS NOT ENOUGH TO REGENERATE THE HEART MUSCLE BACK TO HEALTHY FUNCTION.

SO WE'RE WORKING NOW ON TRYING TO FILED WAYS TO STIMULATE THE HEART MUSCLE TO HEAL ITSELF, AND BY HAVING THE HEART MUSCLE CELLS DIVIDE.

WHAT WE'VE FOUND IS THAT ARTIFICIAL HEART, WHICH IS SUPPOSED TO REPLACE THE HEART PUMP BY REROUTING THE BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART, SOME PATIENTS WHO HAVE IT ACTUALLY HAVE UP TO SIX-FOLD INCREASE IN CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL DIVISION.

>> FIRST OF ALL, WHY IS IT SO DIFFICULT FOR THE AUTHORITY REGENERAL SPLIT THAT IS IT BECAUSE THE DOG-GONED THING JUST STOPS WORK WORKING; IS THAT WHAT'S GOING ON HERE?

>> THAT'S EXACTLY WHY.

WE THINK THAT BECAUSE THE HEART AFTER BIRTH TAKES ON A VERY STRONG FUNCTION OF PUSHING BLOOD AT A VERY HIGH RATE, AT A VERY HIGH PRESSURE, 120 MILLISECONDS MERCURY IN THE HEART, THAT MAKE THE HEART VERY ENERGY-HUNGRY, SO IT BUILDS UP ITS MACHINERY TO CONSUME OXYGEN, AND IT'S THE HIGHEST OXYGEN CONSUMING ORGAN IN THE BODY.

AND AS A RESULT IT ESSENTIALLY BURNS DNA, CALLED OXIDATION.

WHEN THAT HAPPENS, THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISM, THE CELL CAN'T DIVIDE.

SO WHEN YOU REST HEART BY PUTTING ARTIFICIAL PUMP, IT ESSENTIALLY GOES BACK TO IN UTERO CONDITION.

>> THAT'S WHAT WE'RE GOING BACK TO.

YOU GUYS DISCOVERED THAT WITH AN ARTIFICIAL HEART, IT LETS THE HEART TAKE A NAP, IT LET THE HEART REGENERATE.

>> EXACTLY.

WE THINK THAT'S WHAT'S HAPPENING.

>> HOW SURPRISED -- WAS IT SOMETHING THAT WAS THOUGHT OR CONSIDERED PREVIOUSLY?

WHAT WAS IT A SURPRISE?

>> SO WE HAD PUBLISHED A PAPER I THINK MAYBE EIGHT, NINE YEARS AGO NOW WHERE WE FOUND SOME INDICES THAT MUSCLE CAN BE PRODUCED IN THESE HEART PATIENTS BUT WHAT'S YOU IN THE PAPER THAT'S JUST BEEN PUBLISHED WITH THE CAL INSTITUTE AND SWEEND AND UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, WE FOUND THAT USING THE GOLD STANDARD, WHICH IS ESSENTIALLY CARBON DATING, LIKE DINOSAURS, FOR EXAMPLE, WE CAN DO THAT TO THE CELLS AND DETERMINE THE AGE.

AND THAT'S GOLD STANDARD, THIS PROVES WITHOUT DOUBT THAT THE HEART MUSCLES DO DIVIDE IN SOME OF THESE ARTIFICIAL HEART PATIENTS.

>>> WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE?

>> IT MEANS WE CAN USE THE ART OFFICIAL HEART NOT AS A THERAPY -- AS A BRIDGE FOR TRANSPLANT, BUT SOMEONE WHO CANNOT GET A TRANSPLANT BUT MAYBE MEANS TO REGENERATE THE HEART, WE CAN REMOVE IT AND THEN IT WILL BE HEALTHY AFTER THAT.

NOW, WE HAVE NO IDEA WHY SOME PATIENTS DO THAT.

>> I WAS GONNA ASK YOU -- GIVE ME A PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS WHERE THIS -- YOU ACTUALLY SEE THIS THIS REGENERATION?

>> OF THE PATIENTS WHO GET ARTIFICIAL HEART BESIDE 25% OF THEM CAN RECOVER FUNCTION.

>> IS THERE ANY IDEA AS TO WHY IT WORKS FOR THEM AND MAYBE NOT THE OTHERS?

>> ABSOLUTELY NOT.

THIS IS THE FIRST EVIDENCE THAT THIS MAY BE -- SO IN THIS STUDY, THE PATIENTS THAT HAVE INCREASED WERE THE ONES WHO WERE RECOVERED.

THE ONES THAT HAD THE ART OFFICIAL HEART THAT DID NOT RECOVER DID NOT HAVE THE INCREASED TURNOVER.

SO THIS IS THE FIRST INDICATION IS THAT MAYBE THIS RECOVERY IS BECAUSE THE CELLS DIVIDE.

>> WHAT'S NEXT IN THE RESEARCH?

>> NOW WE HAVE TO ACTUALLY PUT IN PROTOCOLS THAT MEASURES THIS.

WE CAN MEASURE THIS WITHOUT HAVING TO TAKE A PIECE OF THE HEART OUT, USING IMAGING TECHNIQUES.

SO WE NEED TO DO THIS PERSPECTIVELY.

WE NEED TO TRY TO MONITOR THE INCREASE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE MASS AND DETERMINE WHICH PATIENTS AND WHEN CAN WE ACTUALLY WEAN THEM OFF THE PUMP.

>> LAST QUESTION, WE DO A LOT OF HEALTH STORIES, AND THERE'S ALWAYS SUCH BRACH THREWS.

SOME NOT SO MUCH, SOME A WHOLE LOT.

HEART STUDIES, SEEING A LOT OF BREAK-THROUGHS THESE DAYS?

>> I WOULD SAY IN THE PAST FEW YEARS YES.

WE'VE HAD SEVERAL HEART FAILURE DRUGS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 30 YEARS, AND SO I THINK RESEARCH IS PUSHING THE ENVELOPE AND I'M VERY EXCITED.

>> DOCTOR, U OF A COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, THAT'S AN ENCOURAGING STORY.

THANKS FOR JOINING US TODAY.

>> THANK YOU.

>> AND THAT IS IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.