>>> COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON: THE LATEST ON THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND AMERICA'S CHANGING POSITION IN THE CONFLICT.

ALSO TONIGHT: A NEW STUDY LOOKS AT THE AFFORDABILITY OF TAP WATER IN THE STATE.

AND, A FOSTER-CARE SUCCESS- PROGRAM TEAMS WITH THE GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE, NEXT, ON ARIZONA HORIZON.

>>> ARIZONA HORIZON MADE POSSIBILITY.

MEMBERS OF YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

>>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

ROUGH DAY ON WALL STREET - AND THAT'S PUTTING IT MILDLY.

THE DOW FELL 890 POINTS, OR 2.1-PERCENT.

THE S&P WAS DOWN 155 POINTS, OR 2.7- PERCENT.

AND THE NASDEQ PLUMMETED, IT FELL 728 POINTS, WHICH EQUATES TO A 4 PERCENT FREE-FALL.

THIS ALL COMES A DAY AFTER PRESIDENT TRUMP REFUSED TO RULE OUT THAT HIS AGGRESSIVE TRADE POLICIES COULD TRIGGER A RECESSION.

BOTTOM LINE:THE DOW IS NOW AT ITS LOWEST LEVEL SINCE NOVEMBER, AND THE S&P HAS LOST ALL GAINS MADE SINCE ELECTION DAY.

THE LATEST CONSUMER-EXPECTATION SURVEY FROM THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK SHOWS THAT A GROWING NUMBER OF AMERICANS ARE WORRIED ABOUT THE NATIONAL ECONOMY.

THE SURVEY SHOWS A LOSS OF CONFIDENCE IN THE JOB MARKET AND CONCERNS ABOUT INFLATION AND PERSISTANT HIGH PRICES.

THOSE SURVEYED ALSO BELIEVE THAT THEY WILL HAVE GREATER ECONOMIC PROBLEMS A YEAR FROM NOW.

U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE MARCO RUBIO SAID TODAY THAT ANY AGREEMENT TO END THE WAR IN UKRAINE WILL HAVE TO INCLUDE UKRAINE MAKING CONCESSIONS OVER LAND THAT RUSSIA HAS TAKEN SINCE 2014.

RUBIO DID NOT MENTION ANY CONCESSION RUSSIA WOULD HAVE TO MAKE.

IT'S JUST THE LATEST IN THE CHANGING U.S. POLICY TOWARD BOTH RUSSIA AND UKRAINE.

JOINING US NOW IS DR. EVELYN FARKAS, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE MCCAIN INSTITUTE AT ASU.

GOOD SO TEE YOU AGAIN.

THANK YOU FOR HAVING US.

>> GREAT TO BE HERE IN PERSON.

>> YES, YOU ARE USUALLY IN D.C. >> LET'S START WITH THE BASICS.

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP WITH UKRAINE THIS TIME OF DAY?

>> CLEARLY, IT'S EVOLVING.

IN THE PAST, WE COULD HAVE SAID THROUGH THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND INVASION OF UKRAINE BY 20 14 THRU THE THUMP ADMINISTRATION AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATION.

WE WERE STICKING BY UKRAINE BECAUSE WE UNDERSTOOD IF UKRAINE DIDN'T WIN, IF THEY LOST, IT'D WOULD BE A LOSS FOR EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES BECAUSE PUTIN HAS A INTERIOR AGENDA.

NOW WE HAVE A SITUATION WHERE OUR GOVERNMENT IS PUTTING PRESSURE, A LOT OF PRESSURE ON UKRAINE AND IT'S NOT AS PERSONAL.

SOUNDS LIKE WE'D LIKE TO EXTRACT MINERALS FROM THEM.

WE HEARD FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE THEY WANT THEM TO GIVE UP TERRITORY.

LIKE YOU SAID, WHAT WILL THE RUSSIANS GIVE UP, THAT MAKES EVERYONE NERVOUS.

FEELS LIKE WE ARE SHIFTING SIDES AND PUZZLING TO MOST OF US.

>> CONFUSING AND PUZZLING.

THE WHOLE NINE YARDS.

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP IF IT'S WITH RUSSIA.

>> THAT'S ANOTHER SITUATION.

WE HAD AN EFFORT TO WORK WITH OUR ALLIES.

THIS IS A GLOBAL SITUATION.

WHAT RUSSIA GETS AWAY WITH IN EUROPE CHINA WILL GETAWAY WITH IN ASIA.

WHICH HAD ALLIES PUTTING SANCTIONS SIPMATICALLY ISOLATING RUSSIA.

PUTIN HAS AN ARREST WARRANT OUT FOR HIM WITH THE CRIMINAL COURT BECAUSE WHEN HE REINVADED UKRAINE THE SCALE OF DEVASTATION BROUGHT UPON UKRAINE INCLUDED STEALING THOUSANDS OF UKRAINIAN CHILDREN AND BRINGING THEM OVER.

THAT'S THE CHARGE HE HAS THE ARREST WARRANT FOR.

THERE ARE OTHER CHARGES HE IS INVESTIGATING.

>> U.S.

LEADERS CAN'T SAY, PUBLICLY, THAT RUSSIA INVADED UKRAINE.

THAT RUSSIA STARTED THE WAR.

THEY CANNOT SAY THIS.

INSTEAD, WE HEARD THE LEADERS AND PEOPLE ARE WARMONGERS, WHAT IS GOING ON?

>> IT SEEMS, FROM SOME OF THE COMMENTS I HEARD COMING OUT OF THE PRESIDENT'S CABINET AND FROM WHAT HE SAID THEY DON'T WANT TO CRITICIZE PUTIN.

IF THEY ARE UNCRITICAL AND FLATTERING THAT MAYBE PUTIN WOULD BE MORE WILLING TO MAKE A DEAL.

I FRANKLY AS SOMEONE THAT DEALT WITH RUSSIANS AND DEALT WITH THE KREMLIN THAT'S THE RIGHT APPROACH IT'S NOT A BAD APPROACH BUT WON'T YIELD WHAT WE WON'T.

HE MAKES DEALS DEPENDING ON HIS INTEREST AND PEOPLE WHO ARE SUFFICIENT THAT USE THEIR POWER.

>> WHY SHOULD WE TRUST ANY DEAL THAT PUTIN MAKES WE CAN'T TRUST ANY DEALS.

WHEN I WAS IN THE PENTAGON HE VIOLATED CONTROL THEY ARE NOT LIKELY TO EXTEND THE ONE AGREEMENT WE HAVE WITH THEM.

PUTIN ALSO, IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE SIGNED OR MADE AGREEMENTS WITH OUR EUROPEAN ALLIES TO FREEZE THE CONFLICT AND END IT.

HE BROKE EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THEM.

KEPT INVADING AND SHOOTING.

SO, YOU NEED SOMETHING ELSE.

YOU NEED A SECURITY GUARANTEE.

THAT'S WHY WHEN PRESIDENT ZELENSKY GOT IN THAT VERBAL TUSSLE HE SAID I CAN'T TRUST PUTIN.

I NEED A SECURITY GUARANTEE FROM YOU, THE UNITED STATES.

>> THAT BRINGS ME TO THE NEXT QUESTION.

HOW CAN THE REST OF THE WORLD, HOW CAN RUSSIA, HOW CAN UKRAINE TRUST THE UNITED STATES IN A DEAL?

>> WELL, A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE ASKING THAT QUESTION.

YOU WANT, FROM ADMINISTRATION TO ADMINISTRATION YOU WANT THE PRESIDENT TO HAVE FLEXIBILITY.

WHEN IT COMES TO THE BIG THINGS, OUR ALLIANCES AND TREATIES WE HAVE SIGNED WE HAVE A TREATY THEY SIGNED.

IT'S CALLED THE WASHINGTON TREATY AND EAST ASIAN ALLIES TO MAKE SURE NO ONE ATTACKS SOUTH KOREA OR JAPAN FOR EXAMPLE.

IF THE WORLD CANNOT BELIEVE OUR WORD.

IF WE ARE NO LONGER CREDIBLE, WE LOST OUR INFLUENCE.

NOT OUR POWER.

INFLUENCE MEANS WE CAN GET PEOPLE TO DO THINGS WITHOUT USING FORCE AND GOOD WILL CAN GET YOU TRADE RELATIONS FOR EXAMPLE.

WE LOSE A LOT CREATING ALL OF THIS INSECURITY.

FROM A BUSINESS PROSPECTIVE IT'S NOT GOOD EITHER.

THEY WANT TO KNOW WHEN THEY GIVE THEIR WORD THE WORD IS GOLD.

>> NO ONE KNOWS WHAT IS GOD ANY MORE.

IT MIGHT INVOLVE NATO TROOPS OR BRITISH FRENCH GROUPS.

WILL PUTIN PUT-UP WITH SOMETHING LIKE THAT?

>> WELL IF THE UNITED STATES SAWS HE HAS TO HE WILL.

ALSO, BECAUSE RUSSIA IS TIRED.

THEIR TROOPS ARE TIRED.

THE ECONOMY AND INFLATION RATES AND INTEREST RATES OR HIGH FOR RUSSIA.

HE WILL NEED TO RESTOCK AND REARM.

TROOPS ARE TIRED THEY ARE MAKING ADVANCES BECAUSE THE RUSSIANS ARE TIRED.

PUTIN WILL TAKE THE PAUSE.

HE WILL TRY TO ATTACK AS SOON AS HE'S STRONG ENOUGH.

IF THE EUROPEANS WON'T SHOW WILL HE WON'T CARE HE WILL-CALL THEM AND TELL THEM TO MOVE THEIR TROOPS.

THAT'S WHY THE UNITED STATES IS IMPORTANT.

WE HAVE INCREDIBLE POWER AND IN THE PAST, WE HAD GREAT RESOLVE.

THOSE ARE THE TWO THINGS WE NEED TO DETER YOUR ENEMY FROM ATTACKING YOU.

>> GREAT INFORMATION.

McCANE INSTITUTE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

LIKEWISE, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>>> A RECENT STUDY FROM THE KYL CENTER FOR WATER POLICY AT ASU'S MORRISON INSTITUTE LOOKED AT TAP- WATER AFFORDABILITY AROUND THE STATE AND HOW THAT AFFORDABILITY IMPACTS WHAT WATER-PROVIDERS CHARGE FOR SERVICE.

GRANT HEMINGER IS A POLICY AND RESEARCH ANALYST AT THE KYL CENTER FOR WATER POLICY.

WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

I HAD YOUR COHORTS NOW WE HAVE YOU.

WE ARE TALKING TAP WATER HERE.

HOW IS TAP WATER DEFINED?

>> WATER USED FOR HOUSEHOLDS TO INDOOR PURPOSES.

COOKING, CLEANING, DRINKING OF COURSE.

THINGS LIKE OUTDOOR IRRIGATION OR POOLS.

>> WHAT DID THE STUDY LOOK AT?

>> AFFORDABILITY OF TAP WATER AT 4,000 GOAL LONS PER MONTH.

WE MEASURE 650 SYSTEMS IN EVERY PART OF THE STATE.

>> THAT'S HOW WE ASSESS THAT PARTICULAR NUMBER.

>> WE ARE LOOKING AT 4,000 GALLONS.

WE ARE FOR ONE INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS.

>> THERE WERE A FEW METRICS IN AFFORDABILITY.

>> YES, THREE.

ONE IS MEASURED NATIONALLY THE RESIDENTIAL INDICATOR WHEN YOU LOOK AND SEE WHAT THE COST OF WATER IS IN THE COST OF A MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD IN AN AREA.

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME MIGHT NOT REPRESENT ALL HOUSEHOLDS.

WE MAKE A POINT OF MEASURING AND HIGHLIGHTING THE HOUSEHOLD BURDEN AT THE 20 PERCENTAL.

>> ALL OF THIS MEASURING, WHAT DID YOU FIND OUT?

>> ULTIMATELY, WE FOUND OUT THERE IS A LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL DIFFERENCE.

IN THE LARGE SYSTEMS OF THE STATE THEY AVERAGE BOTH THE NOMINAL COST OF WATER AND WHAT PERCENTAGE OF INCOME THEY ARE VERY SIMILAR.

IN THE SMALL SYSTEM THEY ARE WELL ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE.

GENERALLY SPEAKING LESS AFFORDABLE IN SMALL SYSTEMS.

>> DO WE KNOW WHY?

>> IT'S AN ECONOMIC EQUATION.

THE HIGH FIXED COST FOR THE CITY OF PHOENIX 1.7 MILLION PEOPLE.

>> WHAT DOES THIS MEAN AS FAR AS WATER RATES.

>> THE COST OF PROVIDING WATER IS GOING UP.

THE RATES WILL CONTINUE TO RIDES AS THE COST OF PROVIDING THE WATER TO RETREAT THE COST OF PROVIDING THE INCREASES AND NEED TO REPLACE THE INFRASTRUCTURE.

>> I DIDN'T WANT TO INTERRUPT BUT MOST COULD INCREASE RATES AND STILL STAY AFFORDABLE FOR THE LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS.

DID I READ THAT CORRECTLY.

>> 60 TO 75% OF WATER SYSTEMS COULD RAISE RATES AND STAY BELOW THE AGING INFRASTRUCTURE.

THE REASON TO DO THIS STANDARDDY FOR KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION.

WHERE DO WE DO FOR THAT.

IT'S FOR THEM TO ASSESS.

WHAT MIGHT WE WANT THE AFFORDABILITY TARGET TO BE HOW TO DO THAT AND STEPS AND GUIDANCE.

LESS A SYSTEM IN NEED OF A REPLACEMENT BUT NOT ABLE TO RAISE RATES WE NEED TO INCREASE THIS INFRASTRUCTURE AND DO IT AFFORDABLY.

>> I'D IMAGE COLD HARD FACTS FOR GRANT AND AID.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IF THE FUNDS STAY AVAIL ONLY.

>> LAST QUESTION HERE.

HOW DO YOU BALANCE CONSERVATION WITH AFFORDABILITY AND BASICALLY LET'S FACE IT WITH THE WATER COMPANIES AND REVENUE.

>> THAT'S THE QUESTION.

THAT WILL BE THE WORK OF WATER MANAGERS AND THEIR EXPERTS TO FIND WHAT THE INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS ARE AND BUDGET FOR THEM IN A WAY THEY INCREASE GRADUALLY OVERTIME SO THE MONEY IS PUT ASIDE AND WAITING ON THE INVESTMENT AND HUGE COST COMES ALONG IN 20 YEARS.

>> I THOUGHT YOU WANT BETTER WATER CONVERSATION RAISE WATER PRICES.

DOES THAT EQUATION HOLD THROUGH.

>> LARGELY, YES, IT HAS TO BE BALANCED AGAINST AFFORDABILITY.

>> RIGHT, RIGHT.

>> YOU RAISE THE WATER PRIZE.

>> GENERALLY, YES.

>> ALL RIGHT, GRANT.

KYLE CENTER FOR WATER POLICY.

>> GREAT TO BE HERE.

>>> THE ARIZONA FRIENDS OF FOSTER CHILDREN FOUNDATION RECENTLY RECEIVED A 50,000 DOLLAR DONATION FROM THE GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY FOR A PROGRAM THAT HELPS YOUTH IN FOSTER CARE TRANSITION INTO INDEPENDENCE.

TO LEARN MORE, WE WELCOME THE PRESIDENT AND CEO OF THE ARIZONA FRIENDS OF FOSTER CHILDREN FOUNDATION, LUIS DE LA CRUZ.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> THIS IS CALLED THE KEYS TO SUCCESS PROGRAM.

WHAT IS IT ALL ABOUT?

>> SUCCESS IS SELF SUFFICIENCY.

WHEN SOMEONE EXPERIENCES FOSTER CARE THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE IN FOSTER CARE.

EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS AND WHAT WE SEEK TO DO THROUGH THE PROGRAM TO CHANGE THAT STORY AND CHANGE THE PROTECTORY.

>> HOW DO WE DO IT?

>> WITH BASIC DOMAINS.

THEY GET A DIPLOMA AND MAKE SURE WE KEEP A JOB AND NUMBER THREE MAKES SURE THEY STAY HOUSED BETWEEN THE TOLEDO MAINS AND MAKE SURE THEY ACHIEVE SELF SUFFICIENCY.

>> THIS IS FROM AGES 16-26.

>> THAT'S THE GOAL AND THE PLAN.

HOW DO YOU MAKE SURE IT HAPPENS.

>> WE WORK HARD AND RECOGNIZE THE PATH IS NOT LINEAR.

IF IT DOESN'T HAPPEN ON THE FIRST TRY, WE GO AGAIN THE SECOND TIME THAT HE SAYS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART.

THERE IS ONE THING THEY ARE ALL GENERALLY MISSING, THAT'S A HUMAN CONNECTION.

WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THEY KNOW WE ARE HERE TO SUPPORT THEM.

>> THIS IS DESCRIBED AS AN EVIDENCE BASED PROGRAM.

>> YEAH.

>> WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT?

>> WE ASSESS CANDIDATES.

WE MEASURE SUCCESS.

HOW LOUNGE DOES IT TAKE FOR THEM TO GET AND KEEP A JOB.

WERE THEY ON A PATH TO GET THAT HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA TO GET THEM THERE.

ALSO DO WE SUPPORT THROUGH RAPID RESOURCING SUPPORT, WERE THEY ABLE TO MAINTAIN THE HOUSING BEYOND OUR ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT.

>> YOU GOT A LOT OF SUPPORT FROM THE INDIAN COMMUNITY.

>> IT'S POWERFUL EVERY YEAR TRIBAL NATIONS ACROSS THE STATE SELECT R0 GRAMS TO SUPPORT OUTSIDE THE TRIBAL NATION.

THIS SPEAKS TO HOW INTERCONNECTED OUR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES ARE IN THE STATE.

IN THE CASE OF $50,000 GRANT.

>> WE WANT TO SUPPORT A YOUNG PERSON.

SEVERING A FEW DOZEN YOUNG PEOPLE 16-26 TO GET THEM TO THE PATH.

>> THIS IS STATE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM.

NOT TRIBAL.

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

>> WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT'S THERE.

>> ARE THERE ANY OTHER WAYS TO PARTNERSHIP WITH THE RIVER AND GET ADDED THINGS DONE FOR THE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM AND THAT TRANSITION EFFORT.

>> YOU TALK ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRIBAL FOSTER CARE AND STATE FOSTER CARE.

WE SERVE 50% OF THE POPULATION THROUGH THE WORK WE DO AT THE FOUNDATION.

THAT'S THROUGH CHILD SAFETY DEPENDENCY.

THERE ISN'T A LOT OF CHARITY WE NEED MORE CLARITY FOR THOSE EXPERIENCING TRIBAL FOSTER CARE.

>> THE ROADBLOCKS, WHAT HAVE THEY BEEN AND HOW DO YOU WANT THEM I RACED.

>> THEY ARE CONSTANT CHANGES IT'S SORT OF ACKNOWLEDGING THAT WHEN IT DOESN'T GO RIGHT.

IT'S HUMAN CENTERED AND THE SINGLE THING IT WILL BE A GAME CHANGER FOR THESE KIDS AND PUSH IT TO MAKE SURE WE PROVIDE THAT.

>> GREAT JOB LUIS.

WE APPRECIATE IT.

>> YOU BET.

>> THAT'S IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

HAVE A GREAT